Eat Less, Move More

We are consistently bombarded by the message “eat less and move more”  by the fitness and health industry, as well as the government. But what does it actually mean?

At it’s simplest, the statement makes sense – if we eat less and move more, we should lose weight, right?

Well, in my own personal experience I found that didn’t really work for me.

It wasn’t until I became an avid runner in 2007 that I started exploring this in more detail. At the time I was a healthy weight, after having worked hard to lose several stones. I then went though some very difficult times and ended up gaining three stone, almost all that I had lost previously.

I ran for hours as well as dabbling in other forms of exercise.

But I soon realised that I couldn’t lose weight by running. Quite the opposite was happening! 

Initially I was puzzled by this, but after finding out more, it finally started to make sense.

 

Prepare for the journey

My personal experience made me realise I can eat less OR I can move more – but I can’t seem to do both very well at the same time.

What helped me to understand this issue though, was comparing food intake with fuel for driving a car. Say you take a long car journey from Cornwall, in the far south west, to the north coast of Scotland. If you didn’t have the money to fill up or the ability to stop and refill your tank, you wouldn’t even attempt the journey.

If we’re trying to do lots of exercise whilst trying to lose weight, it is literally like trying to make an extremely long journey without the sufficient fuel to get there. How can we expect to sustain a level of activity that we haven’t fuelled our body for?

It’s not long before we start to feel fatigued and lethargic as we’re not providing ourselves with enough energy to complete the demands we’re putting upon our bodies.

And this is usually where injuries occur, we fall ill or completely lose motivation all together. Trying to lose weight while running long distances frequently is like trying to run through treacle – the harder you try, the more difficult it will become. This is not an enjoyable way of exercising.

However, when we feed ourselves properly, and we’re properly fuelled for our activity level, exercise becomes so much more enjoyable, and thus, much more sustainable. But then it becomes more difficult to achieve a calorie deficit, which is what is required to lose weight.

 

Careful of the borrowers!

Further to this problem, when we do frequent exercise, we’re not just talking about energy or calories, but the nutrients our bodies need to complete said exercise.

Any form of frequent strenuous activity, whether that be cardio specific or weight training, and we’re not fuelling our bodies properly, then our bodies’ resources will become depleted.

If our stores are depleted, our bodily systems will start borrowing from others. That other system could be your immune system (1). You might find that if you haven’t fuelled your body enough for that two hour run you did, your immune system may take the hit and you start feeling a cold coming on. Then it’s not long before it gets the better of you and all your plans for leading a healthy lifestyle go out the window.

This used to happen to me, and I couldn’t understand why; but now it makes so much sense. Whilst I was trying to exercise to lose weight, I was actually causing potential damage to my health in the process, which wasn’t going to get me anywhere.

I started to realise eating less and moving more at the same time was not a good strategy for me in terms of trying to lose weight – and it’s not a good strategy for many people.

 

Strenuous exercise

Now, when I talk about exercise, I’m really talking about strenuous exercise. Walking has shown to be one of the best things we can do to support weight loss (2). But anything more strenuous is likely to cause problems over time if continually eating less than our bodies need.

Some people cycle through periods of eating less, dropping activity down, to eating more and doing more activity. There are various ways you can do this, which I will discuss more in another article.

But if we simply think ‘let’s drop our calories significantly and do loads of exercise to drop weight quickly’, our bodies’ will get hungry and go into survival mode, which is where problems can arise.

Our bodies’ will try to conserve energy, sending strong signals to slow down, all while we’re forcing it to use more and more. You may find strenuous exercise causes you to become knackered for the rest of the day and you can hardly move. This is your body now forcing you to conserve energy (3).

This can have a knock-on effect, shifting your frame of mind, tricking you into thinking it doesn’t matter what you eat for the rest of the day as you’ve earned it through all the exercise. Well, it really does matter. The number of calories actually burned through exercise is far from what your activity tracker is telling you (4). If your tracker tells you that you have burned 300 calories, that now doesn’t mean you can eat and extra 300 calories.

MyFitnessPal (MFP) is a great example. It is a great free option for tracking meals and activity. However, it will tell you how many calories you’ve ‘earned’ in exercise today. But MFP has no idea what you’ve been doing for the rest of the day. MFP doesn’t know your biology or your genetic predispositions – it is simply a guess. Therefore, it cannot give an accurate representation of the calories you have burned.

I will cover this in more detail in another article, but the point is that from my own experience, it has not worked for me.

If we attempt long car journeys without enough fuel, we will break down – and that is the exact same for frequent, strenuous exercise.

 

Your personal journey

A further problem is that the “eat less, move more” mantra fails to deal with the fundamental issue of why we are overweight in the first place. This is important to address. If we go on a diet, or exercise regime, we also need to figure out what led us to become overweight.

We need to figure out how to deal with real life, as the realities of life don’t decide to stop just because we decided to lose weight. We should be mindful that “eat less and move more” can mean different things to different people.

Someone who only has a stone or two to lose and only eats a little more than they should, their version of “eat less, move more” is going to be drastically different to someone who eats a fair share more than their body needs.

Half the battle is figuring what your specific target is, doing the right calorie cutting and right exercise protocol personalised for you. Adding lots of extra stress by cutting our calories a lot and trying to squeeze in many hours of exercise just isn’t sustainable.

 

You can’t out train a bad diet!

Another thing to point out, is that exercise is actually a stressor for the body. There is an abundance of information on how stress can interfere with weight loss.

Therefore, if we are putting our bodies through undue stress by overexercising and underfeeding, that is going to be counterproductive for our goals. Not only that but exercising to lose weight takes time – and a lot of energy.

Most of us do not have the time or energy required to lose weight solely focusing on exercise. Thus, our focus needs to be on diet.

There’s the saying, “you can’t train out a bad diet”; and this is so true. Theoretically, when it comes to losing weight, you could drop weight on a diet of eating KitKats all day. The issue is we wouldn’t be very healthy or last very long doing it that way.

Our bodies deal with processed foods very differently to foods in their more natural state. It’s very important to not just think about energy, but the nutrition we our fueling our bodies with, making sure we get what we actually need.

 

We’re more similar than you think

The final point is about metabolism. Studies have shown that humans have what is known as a ‘constrained metabolism’. A constrained or fixed metabolism is when “total energy expenditure increases with exercise at low activity levels, but plateaus at higher activity levels as the body adapts to maintain total energy expenditure within a narrow range” (5).

Inside all that jargon, it essentially means that, regardless of whether they are a sedentary office worker or a hunter-gatherer from an African tribe, humans all burn the same number of calories due to the body adapting to the demands of their environment.

This is why we tend to see short term weight loss results when we do lots of strenuous exercise. Our bodies haven’t switched on to what we are doing. Once they’ve cottoned on however, it starts to distribute energy differently. If it requires extra energy to exercise, and if inefficiently fuelled, your body may decide you don’t require as much energy at work, therefore you battle mental and physical fatigue, struggling to maintain focus.

Your body is attempting to find equilibrium in energy balance, it’s trying to bring everything back in line.

 

Burn, Baby, Burn

There is a book that I highly recommend to help get your head around this – its called “Burn: The Misunderstood Science of Metabolism” by Professor of Anthropology, Herman Ponzter.

Anthropology is the study of what makes us human. Professor Ponzter talks about why we as humans behave the way we do and how our bodies have developed a very effective survival mechanism of storing fat for times of reduced abundance.

Unfortunately, in the modern world, food is available all the time. This plays on our primal instincts to eat as much as we can, and food manufacturers and retailers know this all too well, continually bombarding us with food promotions and enticing, cheap and unhealthy alternatives. “Burn” does a brilliant job of explaining just why eating less and moving more doesn’t always work.

Therefore, we need to find that ‘sweet spot’ in terms of how much energy do you need to manage your exercise and lifestyle demands while still able to lose weight and be healthy.

 

Your specific needs

How much exercise do you actually need? When it comes to a healthy metabolism, we need to move as much as we can. But we need to have balance with how much we move while trying to lose weight as we’re not designed for purposeful weight loss. Figuring out our specific needs are important for making sustainable changes as those needs are different for everybody.

This is usually one of the triggers for our yo-yo dieting cycles. We start off with the best intentions, but then assume there must be something wrong with us as we’re not able to last as long as the next person.

But actually, it shows your body’s survival mechanisms are strong, trying to bring it back to where it thinks it needs to be, preparing for hardship, storing excessive supplies.

Remember, our bodies have no off switch for fat storage. Your body does not know when you’ve ‘put enough weight on’, it doesn’t understand as it’s not built into our survival mechanisms.

It takes millennia for evolutionary processes to occur, for our bodies to adapt to changes in lifestyle demands.

Humanity has only had an abundance of food supplies for the last couple hundred years with the rise of the industrial revolution in the 18th century, and even then, only in the wealthiest of countries (6).

There has not been enough time for our bodies to adapt to food in excess, therefore, it takes active focus and paying attention to our own bodies to distinguish how much food and how much exercise we need to reach our goals.

And that is exactly what I’m here to help you do with my one to one weight loss coaching, my books, my self-study programme and my free resources.

 

Let’s take the stairs

So, the key to weight loss is to understand what the right amount of exercise and energy intake for you is in order to lose weight and be healthy.

As previously said, aim to move as much as you can within your ability.

Walking is one of the best forms of exercise you can do to lose weight. It requires less of a demand on the metabolism and your body, and can be sustained for extended periods of time, making it perfect for fat burning (2).

But you don’t want to be walking for three hours a day. Think about where you can build walking into your day. Even when working from home, walk around the house, walk up and down the stairs.

You start implementing walking as much as you can through out the day whilst doing other activities, suddenly it doesn’t feel as overwhelming as having to do a three hour walk, even though you potentially could hit the same number of steps throughout the day.

And this consistency of walking everyday is better, and less demanding on the body, than going to the gym once or twice a week but then just sedentary the rest of the time.

 

What can you do right now?

The biggest change you can make in terms of activity is making sure you’re moving about regularly during your activities of daily living, otherwise known as Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis – or NEAT (7).

Your NEAT can make up 10-15% of your daily energy expenditure. Increasing your NEAT can have a cumulative effect on energy expenditure, helping you use more stored excess fat (7).

That’s why it’s important to remember what we’re doing alongside purposeful weight loss activities, not the hours of cardio or tons of weight training.

If your goal is to build muscle, you need to be in a calorie surplus (consuming more calories than you are using). If sustaining a calorie deficit, your body does not have enough energy or nutritional substrate to build new tissue, therefore, will impede your goals (8).

We need to remember that car journey. We need to remember not to count exercise calories, and that walking is one of the best and least demanding forms of activity for weight loss.

Remember these points and it will help you reach your goals – just remember to stay focused and remember why you’re doing it!

 

Want some help – join my free community for tips, information and be the first to know when I’m taking on new clients for my one to one weight loss coaching.

See you there!

Claire x

 

With thanks to contributing author James Jones, BSc (Hons) Psychology (1st class), PT (L3)

 

Claire Jones is a multi-award-winning Sustainable Weight Loss Coach, Mentor, Therapist, Speaker and Author of the popular book “How To Eat Less”. She helps people learn how to manage their weight well for life.

With a career background of over 25 years spanning the NHS, HM Prison Service, and the UK Fire Service, she had seen first-hand what happens when people don’t look after their health, and had a natural desire to help and to serve those in need.

However, it was after overcoming decades of yo-yo dieting and learning how to look after her own health, that she found a particularly unique way to be of service. She realised she had found an effective, unique and sustainable solution to the weight loss and regain cycles that so many go through, that cripples their confidence and holds them back from the lives they really want.

She is known for her relatable, down-to-earth manner and for helping her clients finally crack the code to their healthy weight and happiest selves.

References and Further Reading

1) Exercise, Nutrition and Immune Function – Gleeson, M., Nieman, D. C. and Pedersen, B. K. (2007)

·      “Dietary deficiencies of protein and specific micronutrients have long been associated with immune dysfunction”

·      https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0264041031000140590?journalCode=rjsp20

 

2) Effects of walking speed on total and regional body fat in healthy postmenopausal women – La New, J. M. and Borer, K. T. (2022)

·      “Total body fat is lost through walking at both slow and fast speeds tested in our study, but the change is more clear, rapid, and greater in overweight–obese slow walkers, and therefore slow walking would be preferable in subjects with greater starting body fatness”

·      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840715/

 

3) What are the signs you’re not eating enough? – Kandola, A. (2019)

·      “When someone is undereating, they are consuming fewer calories than their body needs to function correctly. This can have a severe impact on energy levels, causing feelings of physical tiredness and mental fatigue, which may impair a person’s daily functioning”

·      https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322157#nine-signs-and-symptoms-of-undereating

 

4) Fitness Trackers accurately measure heart rate but not calories burned – Dusheck, J. (2017)

·      “The energy expenditure measures were way off the mark. The magnitude of just how bad they were surprised me”

·      https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2017/05/fitness-trackers-accurately-measure-heart-rate-but-not-calories-burned.html

 

5) Constrained total energy expenditure and Metabolic Adaption to Physical Activity in Adult Humans Constrained – Pontzer, H., et al. (2016)

·      “Total energy expenditure model, in which total energy expenditure increases with physical activity at low activity levels but plateaus at higher activity levels as the body adapts to maintain total energy expenditure within a narrow range… subjects in the upper range of physical activity, total energy expenditure plateaued, supporting a Constrained total energy expenditure model”

·      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4803033/

 

6) Has technology caused an obesity epidemic? – Quinn, R. (2018)

·      “Technology has allowed for rise of enormous fast food chains… [and] different packaged goods that lack nutrition that humans should be getting… the industrial revolution changed the food industry forever, with its mass production of refined flour and concentrated sugars”

·      https://web.colby.edu/st297-global18/2018/10/30/has-technology-caused-an-obesity-epidemic/

7) Non-exerise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): a component of total daily energy expenditure – Chung, N., et al. (2018).

·      “NEAT is the energy expenditure that we do not typically consider and it includes the energy expended maintaining and changing posture (laying, standing, walking, stair climbing, spontaneous muscle contraction, fidgeting, cleaning), singing, and other activities of daily living”

·      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6058072/#:~:text=NEAT%20is%20the%20energy%20expenditure,other%20activities%20of%20daily%20living.

 

8) Preserving healthy muscle during weight loss – Cava, E. C., Yeat, N. C., and Mitterndorfer, B. (2017)

·       “adding exercise (endurance and resistance type) to a hypocaloric diet helps preserve muscle mass during weight loss, and resistance-type exercise also improves muscle strength… high protein intake helps preserve lean body and muscle mass”

·       https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5421125/